4th Generation Computers
Microprocessors
The next major advance in fundamental computer technology was the microprocessor. These devices are integrated circuits that combine thousands of transistors that perform the logic needed to run a computer into one chip. In 1971, Intel released the 4004 microprocessor and the Fourth Generation of computers had begun.
| Early System-On-A-Chip | |
The Intel 4004: the first commercial microprocessor consisted of 2,300 transistors |  |
The microprocessor and decreasing costs created markets for hobbyist and commercial personal computers. Do-It-Yourself computer kits and clubs helped refine computer capabilities. For-profit companies helped create a market for computers in the home.
In the late 1970's computers like the Altair, Apple and Commodore were the first computers widely sold to individual users.
In 1981 IBM released the first PC and the personal computer revolution had begun. Although the machines we use are millions of times more powerful than those early personal computers they are direct descendants of these machines.
These two (2) apparently opposing interests created the modern technology computer boon.
| DIY Computers | |
The Apple I computer was sold as a kit for which people had to build their own case |  |
| Commercial PC Computers | |
The first IBM PC was the 5150 |  |
Terms
Microprocessor — A complete CPU fabricated on a single integrated circuit chip. The Intel 4004 (1971) was the first commercially available microprocessor; it made the personal computer era possible by drastically reducing cost and size.
Personal computer (PC) — A general-purpose computer designed for use by one person at a time. Pioneered by machines such as the Apple I and IBM PC 5150, PCs brought computing out of specialized labs and into homes and small businesses.
Adapted from Chemeketa Community College's Computer Science Dept's CS160 Reader
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